Irwin Garfinkel, Mitchell I. Ginsberg Professor of Contemporary Urban Problems at Columbia University, will be at the Foundation during the fall semester to co-author a book about the U.S. welfare state that will measure the size and scope of welfare expenditure, document its historical development, and provide international comparisons. The book will be intended for a lay audience and will explore issues such as whether welfare states undermine or support economic productivity and whether government transfers crowd out private assistance.