The Money Cost of Repetition Versus the Money Saving Through Acceleration

Based on an investigation conducted in 1911 by the Division of Education of the Russell Sage Foundation and the superintendents of schools of twenty-nine cities, this article examines the data behind how much American cities spend on public education and what they get for their money, shedding light on the relation between school expenditures and school results.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.