A 1910 pamphlet on the essential characteristics of vacation schools open for the summer, based on reports of school authorities and voluntary organizations, including teacher salaries and descriptions of class activities.

CLARENCE ARTHUR PERRY, Department of Child Hygiene, Russell Sage Foundation

A review of the development of the community center as a distinct institution and government agency, ten years after such a proposal was made to reformers the 1911 First National Conference on Civic and Social Center Development. The article first appeared in 1921 in the New York Evening Post and reprinted in the September-October 1921 number of the Community Center.

CLARENCE ARTHUR PERRY, Department of Child Hygiene, Russell Sage Foundation

A 1910 report of the Fairview Garden School Association of Yonkers, N.Y., detailing the origin and growth of the school garden, including costs and plans for maintenance.

A. L. LIVERMORE was chairman of the Executive Committee of the Fairview Garden School Association.

A volume of the Pittsburgh Survey, this 1915 report explains how a system involving land classes and ward rates in Pittsburgh added up to an unfair system that placed the heaviest tax burden on the lower class. It offers recommendations for reform.

SHELBY M. HARRISON was director of the Department of Surveys and Exhibits of the Russell Sage Foundation.

This paper, reprinted from Charities and the Commons in 1908, explores the agencies by which playgrounds are started and maintained, stemming from the positive effects of recreation spaces that began to be recognized by the public around the start of the twentieth century.

LEE F. HANMER was associate director of the Department of Child Hygiene at the Russell Sage Foundation.

Read at the meeting of the Academy of Political Science in 1911, this address proposes a program for patrolling small loans to combat usury, calling for competition in the form of semi-philanthropic loan agencies and cooperative associations and legislation to legalize and regulate such a program.

ARTHUR H. HAM was director of the Division of Remedial Loans at the Russell Sage Foundation.

Published in 1917 in the Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, this article presents the legal work and legislation being made to combat usury in the state of Illinois at the time. It includes provisions for a proposed law for meeting the loan shark situation.

EARLE EDWARD EUBANK was professor of sociology, Young Men’s Christian Association College, Chicago.

Prepared by the Playground Extension Committee of the Russell Sage Foundation in 1909, this paper presents how public interest and funds were raised for various recreational spaces for children in Chicago at the time.

E. B. DEGROOT was director of gymnasiums and playgrounds, South Park System, Chicago.

Presents the work of the National Federation of Remedial Loan Associations, founded in 1909, which gathered information and published bulletins in an effort to drive the loan shark out of business, with the help of the Russell Sage Foundation’s Division of Remedial Loans.

MALCOLM W. DAVIS, Division of Remedial Loans, Russell Sage Foundation

Based on an investigation conducted in 1911 by the Division of Education of the Russell Sage Foundation and the superintendents of schools of twenty-nine cities, this article examines the data behind how much American cities spend on public education and what they get for their money, shedding light on the relation between school expenditures and school results.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.