A compact but complete handbook of zoning covering the story of the spread of this movement, the reasons for zoning, the experiences of various zoned cities, the correct principles and best practice, the legal pitfalls and a selected list of reference.
EDWARD M. BASSETT was chairman of the Zoning Committee of New York.
While many believe that schooling and education can deter crime, voters often express polarized sentiments towards increasing investment in public schools. State school finance reforms (SFRs), triggered by judicial and legislative decisions in 27 states are non-criminal justice interventions with the potential to impact public safety. A growing literature examines how SFRs affect individual and social economic outcomes, but less is known about how they affect community-level safety and violent crime exposure.
Police-led behavioral health crisis response can result in arrest, use of force, or entry into jail for behaviors that are a result of untreated or inadequately treated mental illness. This dynamic contributes to the criminalization of behavioral health conditions. In response, policymakers have increasingly invested in mobile crisis services—teams of behavioral health professionals who respond directly in the community to individuals experiencing acute crises. These services are intended to provide stabilization, de-escalation, and linkage to treatment without resorting to arrest.
Farm labor shortages have become a salient feature of agricultural production in the U.S. Immigrant workers, particularly immigrants from Mexico, play an important role in the agricultural labor force. However, over the past twenty years, there has been a marked decline in new immigrant arrivals from Mexico, suggesting a link between falling Mexican immigration and agricultural labor shortages. Economists Ashish Shenoy and Julián Arteaga will examine the impacts of changes in immigrant labor supply on wages, farm production, and domestic food prices.
While unions played a central role in reducing inequality and shaping political life throughout the twentieth century, they historically drew sharp boundaries between insiders and outsiders – frequently excluding immigrants, Black workers, and women. Economist Carlo Medici will examine how demographic shifts shaped unions’ inclusion of diverse workers and how unions, in turn, impacted immigrant and Black workers’ access to economic and political opportunity. He will analyze archival records and census and electoral data for his project.
In 2021, in response to historic migration across the U.S.-Mexico border, Texas enacted Operation Lone Star, an initiative that transported more than 100,000 migrants from border communities to Washington, D.C., New York City, Chicago, Denver, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles. These transfers were politically driven, largely unanticipated by receiving jurisdictions, and unrelated to local economic conditions. Economists Jose Bucheli and Rhet Smith will examine how these sudden inflows of migrants affected local crime, policing, and public order.
The California Dream Act and CADAA opened access to state Cal Grants for undocumented students who cannot receive federal aid. Using the universe of CADAA applications, this study employs a regression discontinuity design around annual Cal Grant offer cutoffs to estimate intention-to-treat effects of scoring above the threshold on educational outcomes. A fuzzy RDD uses score-relative-to-cutoff as an instrument for actual grant receipt to estimate local average treatment effects.
Truth in Sentencing (TIS) reforms eliminated parole, standardized release dates, and generally lengthened sentences in many states around 1999–2000. This study uses Wisconsin’s TIS implementation (effective December 1999) and a sharp regression discontinuity design around the policy cutoff to estimate causal effects on sentencing length, recidivism, and labor-market reentry for formerly incarcerated people.
