This book, encouraging more effective collaboration between professional architects and social scientists, outlines how social science research can aid the design process, detailing how physical environment relates to behavior. With a foreword by Hugh F. Cline.

John Zeisel, Harvard University, Department of Architecture

First the press became the media, and now the media have become the Imperial Media—or have they? In this timely and comprehensive analysis, Michael Robinson and Margaret Sheehan examine how the news media behaved (or misbehaved) in covering the 1980 presidential campaign.

Using the media's own traditional standards as a guide, Robinson and Sheehan measure the level of objectivity, fairness, seriousness, and criticism displayed by CBS News and United Press International between January and December of 1980. Drawing on statistical analyses of almost 6,000 news stories and dozens of interviews with writers and reporters, the authors reach convincing and sometimes surprising conclusions. They demonstrate, for example, that both CBS and UPI strictly avoided subjective assessments of the candidates and their positions on the issues. Both gave the major parties remarkably equal access. But the media seem to give more negative coverage to front-runners, treating serious challengers less harshly. Perhaps the most surprising finding is that networks were not more superficial than print; CBS attended to the issues at least as often as UPI.

Robinson and Sheehan find television coverage more subjective, more volatile, and substantially more negative than traditional print. But CBS behaved neither imperially nor irresponsibly in Campaign '80. The networks did, however, emulate the more highly charged journalism of the eastern elite print press.

By blending the quantitative techniques of social science and the tools of Washington-based journalism, Robinson and Sheehan have produced a book that will be essential reading for students and practitioners of politics, public opinion research, journalism, and communications. Lively and readable, it should also appeal to anyone interested in the role of the news media in contemporary politics.

MICHAEL J. ROBINSON is associate professor of politics at Catholic University and director of the Media Analysis Project at George Washington University.

MARGARET A. SHEEHAN is research analyst for a law firm in Washington, D.C.

Although tolerance is one of our most cherished ideals, history suggests it is not an inborn human trait. Tolerance must be learned, and the sophisticated arguments on which it is based make it much harder to learn than intolerance. In this extensive study of civil liberties, Herbert McClosky and Alida Brill attempt to discover who learns the norms of tolerance and why.

Reaching well beyond traditional categories of analysis, McClosky and Brill have surveyed civil libertarian attitudes among the general public, opinion leaders, lawyers and judges, police officials, and academics. They analyze levels of tolerance in a wide range of civil liberties domains—first amendment rights, due process, privacy, and such emerging areas as women's and homosexual rights—and along numerous variables including political participation, ideology, age, and education.

This landmark study offers a comprehensive assessment of the viability—and vulnerability—of beliefs central to the democratic system. It makes an invaluable contribution to the study of contemporary American institutions and attitudes.

Herbert McClosky was research director at the Survey Research Center in Berkeley and professor of political science at the University of California, Berkeley.

Alida Brill was program director and scholar in residence at the Russell Sage Foundation.

A paper on practices to improve hygiene in children's environments, particularly the school playground.

George E. Johnson was superintendent of the Playground Association, Pittsburgh, PA.

A paper on the social benefits of playgrounds, from the Playground Extention Committee of the Russell Sage Foundation.

Harriet Hickox Heller, Playground Association of America

A report advising against a "hands off" mindset of caring for children, pubished by the Playground Association of America in 1910.

LUTHER HALSEY GULICK was president of the Playground Association of America.

A paper from the Playground Association of America calling for a play organizer position for children's play.

HOWARD BRADSTREET was a member of the Playground Association of America.

A 1909 report on the effect of irregular school attendance on children's grade progress, printed in volume III of The Psychological Clinic.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director at the Division of Education of the Russell Sage Foundation,  former general superintendent of schools for Puerto Rico, co-author of “Medical Inspection of Schools;” and author of “Laggards in Our Schools.”

A recreation survey of Ipswich, Massachusetts, based on direct observation of children’s outdoor play and interviews with the children. Its purpose was to determine what the schools of the Ipswich community might do to meet the recreation needs of the community.

HOWARD R. KNIGHT, Department of Recreation, Russell Sage Foundation

An account of national festivals such as carnivals and their evolution over the twentieth century, in particular the annual Play Festival of Chicago, from the Playground Extension Committee of the Russell Sage Foundation.

AMALIE HOFER, Playground Extension Committee, Russell Sage Foundation