Reprinted from the Independent of August 20, 1908, this paper, written by the originator of the whole juvenile court system of the United States, calls for the establishment of playgrounds and juvenile courts around the country in order to combat the increase in crime among youth at the time.

BEN B. LINDSEY presided over the Juvenile Court of Denver, Col.

From the Playground Extension Committee of the Russell Sage Foundation, this paper explores a variety of games for children in the winter months.

ARTHUR LELAND, Playground Extension Committee, Russell Sage Foundation

A recreation survey of Ipswich, Massachusetts, based on direct observation of children’s outdoor play and interviews with the children. Its purpose was to determine what the schools of the Ipswich community might do to meet the recreation needs of the community.

HOWARD R. KNIGHT, Department of Recreation, Russell Sage Foundation

This 1908 pamphlet, from the Playground Extension Committee of the Russell Sage Foundation, examines the benefits specific to young girls of recreational spaces for their proper mental and physical development.

BEULAH KENNARD was president of the Playground Association of Pittsburg, Pa.

This 1909 paper from the Playground Extension Committee of the Russell Sage Foundation outlines the reasons for recreation: that it encourages mental control over motor skills, physical development and conditioning, and even the growth moral and social qualities like respect and sympathy in children.

GEORGE E. JOHNSON was director of the Pittsburgh Playground Association.

An address to the Annual Playground Association of America regarding the benefits of public recreation spaces from a physician’s point of view, from the Playground Extension Committee of the Russell Sage Foundation.

WOODS HUTCHINSON was the Oregon State Health Officer and professor of clinical medicine at the New York Polyclinic.

From the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, this paper argues for the importance of play in education, with data on public recreation centers in New York City.

LUTHER H. GULICK was director of the Department of Child Hygiene at the Russell Sage Foundation.

Prepared under the Playground Extension Committee of the Russell Sage Foundation, this address to the second annual Playground Congress of New York City in 1908 examines the changing role of the significance of childhood as well as sympathy for the suffering and distress of others, in particular children within the public school system.

LUTHER H. GULICK was director of the Department of Child Hygiene at the Russell Sage Foundation.

This 1909 paper traces data on Chicago’s South Park Playgrounds to argue that the presence of parks and playgrounds in a neighborhood correlates to a decrease in the number of cases of juvenile delinquency.

ALLEN BURNS, Department of Child Hygiene, Russell Sage Foundation

Delivered before the Department of Superintendence of the National Education Association in Mobile, Alabama, on February 25, 1911, this address details the rapid fundamental changes in school hygiene and children’s health in schools over the start of the twentieth century, including medical exams, dental inspections, and the rise of school nurses.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.