A pamphlet published by the Russell Sage Division of Remedial Loans in 1912.

A pamphlet published in 1910 by what was the Department of Child Hygiene of the Russell Sage Foundation. Other research areas of the Child Hygiene department included "folk dancing," "athletics," and the "use of school buildings."

This pamphlet, published in 1911, looks into the causes which contribute to making a child over-age for his grade and if the responsibility lies with the school. Conclusions presented demonstrate the importance of studying the progress of school children as well as their distribution by ages and grades.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.

Published in 1910, this book presents the essential features and a brief history of the open-air school, a new type of schooling held almost entirely in the open air, with education focusing on outdoor life.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.

This article, published in the Journal of Education in 1909, argues for more research in regards to the proportion of children who enter schools in relation to how many complete the elementary course. It proposes diligent study on the number of new pupils entering public schools to better facilitate educational administrators.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.

Laggards in Our Schools presents the findings of a 1907 study on disabled children and the effects of education on their early years. The study analyzed the specifics of the children’s’ conditions and what factors caused them to drop behind in school, as well as to what extent attendance, homework, and other methods affected progress.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.

Published in 1920, this report presents an index for measuring the effectiveness of state school systems by the amount of education received by the children and the expenditures made to purchase this education. The purpose of the index is to make it possible for state school systems to measure their progress from year to year and to compare their attainments with those of their neighbors.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.

Published in 1913, The Effect of Promotion Rates on School Efficiency presents findings that illustrate the great importance of small differences in promotion rates in education, particularly the degree to which children are trained in habits of success and failure.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.

Three papers were read at a meeting of the American Public Health Association in 1916. They report on the lack of statistical evidence and analysis in health investigations, and why the statistical method is such a necessary element in public health research.

DONALD ARMSTRONG was executive officer of the Community Health and Tuberculosis Demonstration and assistant secretary of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis.

FRANZ SCHNEIDER, JR. was sanitarian at the Department of Surveys and Exhibits of the Russell Sage Foundation.

LOUIS I. DUBLIN was statistician at the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.

This volume was published as part of The Pittsburgh Survey, edited by Paul Underwood Kellogg.

MARGARET F. BYINGTON was associate director of the Charity Organization Department of the Russell Sage Foundation.