The Russell Sage Foundation early in 1908 carried out a study on insurance in Europe. This volume presents the results of the study conducted by Frankel and Dawson, covering about six months, it gives full detail on the various kinds of European insurance, their methods of operation, their finances and their relations with governments.

LEE K. FRANKEL was vice-president of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.

MILES M. DAWSON was fellow of the American Statistical Association and the Actuarial Society of America.

A study of measuring children’s reading ability, this book, published in 1921, presents a scale for the measurement of silent reading, the Picture Supplement Scale 1, developed by the Russell Sage Foundation in order to determine which methods of teaching are most successful in literacy retention.

MARY AYRES BURGESS, Columbia University

Published in 1909, this report is a result of a New York State Conference of Charities and Correction–appointed study on the essentials and cost of a normal standard of living in the cities and towns of the state, followed by a detailed analysis of the compiled data of workingmen's budgets.

ROBERT COIT CHAPIN was Horace White Professor of economics and finance in Beloit College, Wisconsin.

Survey of public health interventions across the United States, supported by the Department of Surveys and Exhibits, Russell Sage Foundation in 1916.

FRANZ SCHNEIDER, JR. was sanitarian at the Department of Surveys and Exhibits of the Russell Sage Foundation.

This report is the result of a survey of the health and housing conditions in Ithaca, NY in February 1914.

FRANZ SCHNEIDER, JR. was sanitarian at the Department of Surveys and Exhibits of the Russell Sage Foundation.

"The purpose of this investigation was to obtain an approximate idea of the status of health department work in the United States; to examine the departments' programs and their financial resources, and to examine how great or small an advantage thy were taking of their existing opportunities." This paper was read before the Colorado Springs meeting of the American Public Health Association, it was printed in the American Journal of Public Health, January 1916.

FRANZ SCHNEIDER, JR. was sanitarian at the Department of Surveys and Exhibits of the Russell Sage Foundation.

This pamphlet argues for definite measurements of results in the study of school hygiene and other areas in order to improve the school system. It was published by the Department of Child Hygiene of the Russell Sage Foundation in 1911.

LUTHER H. GULICK was director of the Department of Child Hygiene at the Russell Sage Foundation.

This 1913 paper examines the use of psychological tests in selecting applicants who are best fitted to perform work for positions in certain occupations and industries. Also studied is the possibility of using psychological tests for the purpose of selecting fitting vocations for people.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.

During 1914 and the earlier months of 1915, the Division of Education of the Russell Sage Foundation conducted a study of spelling among school children with the object of developing a scale for measuring attainment in the spelling of common words. This pamphlet describes the investigation and the scale it produced.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.

This paper, published in 1912, analyzes the argument that the effectiveness of a school and its teachers must be measured in terms of the results secured by the school. It looks at how applied science may avail to better educational practices, similar to industrial activity.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.