This pamphlet, published in 1922, is a collection of data drawn from publications issued by various state and federal bureaus, which show some of the economic facts behind the unrest of the miners in the bituminous or soft coal industry. It aims to outline certain vital facts which affected the daily working life of the coal miner and explain the workers’ willingness to strike in defense of wages.

LOUIS BLOCH, Department of Industrial Studies, Russell Sage Foundation

Published in 1915, this report provides an account of the working conditions and wages of longshoremen in the United States in the early twentieth century. It highlights the problems that come with intermittent employment and casual labor.

CHARLES B. BARNES was fellow at the Bureau of Social Research, New York School of Philanthropy, and director of New York State Public Employment Bureau.

Published in 1920, this report presents an index for measuring the effectiveness of state school systems by the amount of education received by the children and the expenditures made to purchase this education. The purpose of the index is to make it possible for state school systems to measure their progress from year to year and to compare their attainments with those of their neighbors.

LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.

This volume was published as part of The Pittsburgh Survey, edited by Paul Underwood Kellogg.

MARGARET F. BYINGTON was associate director of the Charity Organization Department of the Russell Sage Foundation.

A look into the rising cost of education, Trends of School Costs was published in 1920. It analyzes the different aspects at play in the cost of public school education, including the relationship between growing attendance rates and cost. Of prime importance are trends in teachers' salaries, compared to the cost of living and the salaries of other workers. Future pricing trends are predicted.

W. RANDOLPH BURGUESS, Department of Education, Russell Sage Foundation