This article, published in the Journal of Education in 1909, argues for more research in regards to the proportion of children who enter schools in relation to how many complete the elementary course. It proposes diligent study on the number of new pupils entering public schools to better facilitate educational administrators.
LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.
A 1911 survey of state legislation requiring medical inspections for schools and institutions.
LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.
Laggards in Our Schools presents the findings of a 1907 study on disabled children and the effects of education on their early years. The study analyzed the specifics of the children’s’ conditions and what factors caused them to drop behind in school, as well as to what extent attendance, homework, and other methods affected progress.
LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.
Published in 1920, this report presents an index for measuring the effectiveness of state school systems by the amount of education received by the children and the expenditures made to purchase this education. The purpose of the index is to make it possible for state school systems to measure their progress from year to year and to compare their attainments with those of their neighbors.
LEONARD P. AYRES was director of the Division of Education at the Russell Sage Foundation.
Three papers were read at a meeting of the American Public Health Association in 1916. They report on the lack of statistical evidence and analysis in health investigations, and why the statistical method is such a necessary element in public health research.
DONALD ARMSTRONG was executive officer of the Community Health and Tuberculosis Demonstration and assistant secretary of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis.
FRANZ SCHNEIDER, JR. was sanitarian at the Department of Surveys and Exhibits of the Russell Sage Foundation.
LOUIS I. DUBLIN was statistician at the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.
This volume was published as part of The Pittsburgh Survey, edited by Paul Underwood Kellogg.
MARGARET F. BYINGTON was associate director of the Charity Organization Department of the Russell Sage Foundation.
A look into the rising cost of education, Trends of School Costs was published in 1920. It analyzes the different aspects at play in the cost of public school education, including the relationship between growing attendance rates and cost. Of prime importance are trends in teachers' salaries, compared to the cost of living and the salaries of other workers. Future pricing trends are predicted.
W. RANDOLPH BURGUESS, Department of Education, Russell Sage Foundation
From the introduction: "What is happening to the motives and attitudes of givers? Patterns of giving are changing. Shifts are occurring in the givers' choices among three chief almoners-- the church, government, and voluntary agencies. Religion, the mother of charities, has not suffered the eclipse predicted by some earlier observers, but how much is giving now affected by religious sanctions or the hope of heaven? Do givers approve the expansion of governmental welfare services? Is their interest in voluntary giving falling off because giving goes not to service agencies, or to a fund-raising agency for service agencies, with fewer and remoter contacts with the people who need help?"
F. EMERSON ANDREWS was director of the Foundation Library Center.
The Hispanic population has grown significantly, from eight million in 1970 to more than 45 million in 2010, making Hispanics the largest minority group in the U.S. Although Hispanics historically have displayed moderate levels of residential segregation (somewhere between the extreme levels of African Americans and the relatively low levels of Asians), the 2010 census revealed that average levels of Hispanic isolation had risen substantially, surpassing average levels among African Americans.
Research from behavioral economics suggests that relatively small burdens can have unexpectedly large effects. For example, the state of Wisconsin put in place a requirement that employed Medicaid recipients document a lack of affordable employer-based insurance. Officials expected this change to affect between 2-3 percent of applicants. It resulted instead in an enrollment drop of 20 percent for children and 17.6 percent for adults. Subsequent investigations found that the majority of those affected by the policy change were eligible.
