New research by Visiting Scholar Philip J. Cook (Duke University) shows that children who started kindergarten late are more likely as teenagers to drop out of school and commit serious crimes than their peers. The study—which Cook co-authored with Songman Kang of Hanyang University in South Korea—compared North Carolina public school students born 60 days before and 60 days after the school cutoff date. He noted, “This research provides the first compelling evidence of a causal link between dropout and crime. It supports the view that crime outcomes should be considered in evaluating school reforms.”
Because earlier studies have established that children who enter school at an older age perform better academically than their younger classmates, a growing number of parents have delayed enrolling their children whose birthdays fall shortly before the cutoff date, seeking to gain academic and social advantages. According to Cook’s research, older students were also less likely to engage in delinquent behavior up until age 16.
However, his latest study found that after age 16, those outcomes were reversed. The students who had started school later were more likely to drop out and be convicted of a felony before age 20. As Cook explained, the explanation for this seeming contradiction lies in the age at which students may legally withdraw from school, which is 16 in North Carolina. Cook added, “If [students] were born before the cutoff date, they have just 19 months between their 16th birthday and graduation to be tempted to drop out. If they were born just after and enter school later, they have 31 months, and for some of them, it is an irresistible temptation.”
About This Book
Published in 1911 and designed to continue a service rendered by the Bibliography of Settlements until 1905, this handbook presents an outline of the material facts about every settlement in the United States at the time, including non-residential neighborhood centers. In addition to previous research and literature, information is presented from first-hand accounts at these houses from leading representatives on the development and program of settlements.
ROBERT A. WOODS, New York Charities Publication Committee
ALBERT J. KENNEDY, New York Charities Publication Committee
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A directory of the organizations employing trained visiting nurses, with chapters on the principles, organization and methods of administration of such work.
YSSABELLA WATERS, Henry Street Nurses’ Settlement, New York City
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About This Book
A report on the findings of a study of the loan businesses in New York City from 1907-1908, part of a larger set of studies of fiscal agencies exploiting the necessities of the poor. The study was commissioned by the Bureau of Social Research of the New York School of Philanthropy, published by the Russell Sage Foundation.
CLARENCE W. WASSAM, Bureau of Social Research, New York School of Philanthropy
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Investigations of Industries in New York City
A List of Published Reports 1905 - 1915
Publication Date
28 pages
About This Book
Published jointly by the Committee for Vocational Scholarship of the Henry Street Settlement and the Committee on Women's Work of the Russell Sage Foundation.
HENRIETTE R. WALTER, Investigator Division of Industrial Studies, Russell Sage Foundation
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A Model Tenement House Law, published in 1910, presents a set of tenement housing laws based on a thorough examination of New York law, at the time the model for tenement housing legislation. It provided a new standard for state and city legislators.
LAWRENCE VEILLER was secretary of the New York State Tenement House Commission, and First Deputy Tenement Commissioner of the Tenement Department of New York City.
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Housing Reform
A Handbook for Practical Use in American Cities
Publication Date
240 pages
About This Book
This book is a practical handbook on tenement reform in America. Written and researched by the New York City Tenement Department Commissioner, the handbook provides recommendations for improving conditions in tenement housing, as well as practices to avoid.
LAWRENCE VEILLER was secretary of the New York State Tenement House Commission, and First Deputy Tenement Commissioner of the Tenement Department of New York City.
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About This Book
This book describes the results of an investigation made by the Committee on Women's Work of the Russell Sage Foundation, part of a series of studies of the condition of women's work in important trades in New York City.
MARY VAN KLEECK was secretary of the Committee on Women’s Work at the Russell Sage Foundation.
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About This Book
Two addresses, "The Ethics of the Family" and "The Enlargement of the Family Ideal, " delivered before the Section on the Family and the Community at the National Conference of Charities and Correction in Baltimore, May 1915.
JAMES HAYDEN TUFTS was professor and head of the department of philosophy at the University of Chicago.
SAMUEL MCCHORD CROTHERS was minister of the first parish church, Cambridge.